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Ukusebenza nefayela le-.htaccess Ku-WordPress

WordPress iyinkundla enhle eyenziwe yaba ngcono ngokuthi inemininingwane futhi inamandla kangakanani ideshibhodi ye-WordPress ejwayelekile. Ungakwazi ukufeza okuningi, mayelana nokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo indlela isayithi lakho elizizwa ngayo nokusebenza, ngokusebenzisa nje amathuluzi i-WordPress ekwenze ukuba atholakale kuwe njengokujwayelekile.

Kufika isikhathi empilweni yomnikazi wewebhusayithi, nokho, lapho uzodinga ukweqa lokhu kusebenza. Ukusebenza nge-WordPress ifayela le-.htaccess kungaba yindlela eyodwa yokwenza lokhu. Leli fayela liyifayela eliwumgogodla isayithi lakho elithembele kulo, futhi likhathazeke kakhulu ngokuthi ama-permalinks ewebhusayithi yakho asebenza kanjani.

Ifayela le-.htaccess lingasetshenziswa ukufeza izinto eziningi eziwusizo, noma kunjalo. Sike sakhava ezinye zazo, okuhlanganisa nenqubo yokwenza i-regex iqondisa kabusha ku-WordPress, kanye nombono ojwayelekile kakhudlwana ku ukuqondisa kabusha unhlokweni kwe-WordPress. Kuzo zombili lezi ziqondiso, sifinyelele futhi sahlela ifayela le-.htaccess, kodwa ngaphandle kokuchaza okuningi mayelana nokuthi kungani ifayela likhona kwasekuqaleni, nokuthi ungalisebenzisa kanjani.

Lokho kuyinjongo yalesi sihloko. Okokuqala, sizobheka ukuthi ifayela le-.htaccess lenzani ekusetheni okujwayelekile kwe-WordPress. Bese, sizochaza ukuthi ungafinyelela kanjani kuyo, nokuthi ungayihlela kanjani. Okokugcina, sizokukhombisa ukuthi kungani ungafuna ukwenza lokho.

Liyini Ifayela Le-.htaccess?

Ake sisuse okuyisisekelo endleleni kuqala. Ifayela le-.htaccess alilona i-a Ifayela le-WordPress. Noma, ukuyibeka ngokunembile, ifayela le-.htaccess empeleni liyifayela elisetshenziswa amaseva ewebhu e-Apache. Lolu uhlelo esetshenziswayo njengamanje ngobuningi bamasayithi e-WordPress nabasingathi. Ngenxa yobuningi be-Apache uma kuziwa ekuphatheni amasayithi e-WordPress, isayithi ngalinye elinjalo linefayela .htaccess.

Ifayela le-.htaccess labelana ngezici ezithile namanye amafayela asetshenziswa isayithi lakho le-WordPress ukuze licushwe. Igama lefayela liyifayela elifihliwe futhi lizodinga ukungafihlwa ukuze lihlelwe. Iphinde ihlale kumkhombandlela wezimpande wesayithi lakho le-WordPress.

Khumbula, ifayela le-.htaccess lenza into eyodwa futhi into eyodwa kuphela: inquma ukuthi ama-permalinks esayithi lakho aboniswa kanjani. Yilokho kuphela. 

Okufihliwe ngemuva kwale ncazelo elula kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, noma kunjalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abanikazi abaningi besayithi, ama-plugin, nezindikimba benza izinguquko endleleni ama-permalinks asetshenziswa ngayo kusayithi lakho le-WordPress. Njalo lapho wena (noma i-plugin) wenza ushintsho endleleni ama-permalinks akho asebenza ngayo, lezi zinguquko zigcinwa kufayela le-.htaccess. 

Empeleni, lolu uhlelo oluhle kakhulu, futhi luvikelekile. Nokho, emhlabeni wangempela kungadala izinkinga zangempela. Enye yingoba U-75% wabathuthukisi basebenzisa i-JavaScript, futhi ngakho-ke awukhululekile kangako ukusebenzisa i-Apache, ama-plugin amaningi angabhala ngaphezulu ifayela le-.htaccess ngendlela eshiya isayithi lakho lingavikelekile. Ukulungisa (noma ngempela ukubona) lolu hlobo lwenkinga kungaphezu kwamandla ethu lapha, kodwa izixwayiso ezijwayelekile mayelana nama-plugin ziyasebenza - faka kuphela lawo owethembayo, futhi abuyekezwa njalo ukuze kulungiswe izimbobo zokuphepha ezifana nalezi.

Ukuthola Nokuhlela Ifayela le-.htaccess

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ifayela le-.htaccess lenzelwe ngokuyinhloko ukuphatha ama-permalinks kusayithi lakho, ungakwazi ukuhlela ifayela ukuze uzuze inani lemiphumela ewusizo: lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuqondisa kabusha, noma ukumane uthuthukise ukuphepha kusayithi lakho ngokukhawulela ukufinyelela kwangaphandle amakhasi athile.

Kulesi sigaba, sizokukhombisa ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokho. Kodwa kuqala… 

ISEXWAYISO: Ukuhlela ifayela le-.htaccess kungaphula iwebhusayithi yakho. 

Ukwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko kumafayela ayisisekelo isayithi lakho elisebenza kuwo kuyingozi. Kumele hlala wenze isipele isayithi lakho ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko kuyo, futhi ulinge ngaphandle kokuthinta isayithi elibukhoma. 

Eqinisweni, kunesizathu esihle sokuthi kungani ifayela le-.htaccess lingatholakali kubasebenzisi abaningi be-WordPress. I-WordPress inengxenye ecacile yemakethe yamawebhusayithi amabhizinisi amancane, futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi abasebenzisi bawo abaningi, ingabe singasho, hhayi abathambekele kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Yingakho ifayela le-.htaccess lifihliwe ngokuzenzakalelayo - ukugwema abasebenzisi be-novice ukwenza amaphutha.

Ukufinyelela Nokuhlela Ifayela le-.htaccess

Ngokuphuma kwakho konke lokho, ake sibheke ukuthi ungafinyelela kanjani ifayela le-.htaccess. Ukuze wenze lokho:

  1. Dala uxhumano kuwebhusayithi usebenzisa iklayenti le-FTP. Kunenqwaba yamahhala, amaklayenti amahle we-FTP laphaya, okuhlanganisa FileZilla. Funda amadokhumenti anikeziwe ukuze wenze uxhumano lwe-FTP kusayithi lakho.
  2. Uma ususungule uxhumano lwe-FTP, uzoboniswa wonke amafayela akha isayithi lakho. Bheka kulawa mafolda, futhi uzobona eyodwa ebizwa ngokuthi umkhombandlela wezimpande.
  3. Ngaphakathi kwale folda, uzobona ifayela lakho le-.htaccess. Ngokuvamile izoba seduze naphezulu kohlu lwamafayela kuleyo folda. Chofoza ifayela, bese uchofoza buka/hlela. 
  4. Ifayela lizovuleka kusihleli sombhalo.

Futhi yilokho. Manje usuvunyelwe ukwenza izinguquko kufayela lakho, kodwa qaphela ukuthi ungase ungafuni ukwenza lokho. Sizokukhombisa ukuthi lisetshenziswa kanjani leli fayela esigabeni esilandelayo, kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi sikwenze kuwumqondo omuhle ukwenza kanjalo

yenza ikhophi yendawo yefayela lakho le-.htaccess (usebenzisa ibhokisi elijwayelekile elithi “gcina njenge”), yenza izinguquko zakho endaweni, bese ulayisha ifayela kusayithi elinesiteji (njengoba siphawulile ngenhla).

Ukusebenzisa Ifayela le-.htaccess

Manje usulungele ukuqala ukusebenzisa umsebenzi owengeziwe onikezwe ifayela le-.htacess. Ake siqale ngezimbalwa eziyisisekelo.

  • I-301 iqondisa kabusha - Ukuqondisa kabusha kwe-301 isiqephu esincane sekhodi ethumela izivakashi zisuka kwelinye ikhasi ziye kwelinye, futhi kuyadingeka uma udlulisela iposi elithile lebhulogi elixhunywe kusayithi langaphandle. Kungenjalo, ungasebenzisa ifayela le-.htaccess ukuze uqondise kabusha iwebhusayithi. Ungakwazi futhi ukuqondisa izivakashi ezisuka enguqulweni endala ye-HTTP yesayithi ziye enguqulweni entsha, ephephe kakhulu, ye-HTTPS. Engeza lokhu kufayela le-.htacess:
Redirect 301 /oldpage.html /newpage.html
  • Security - Kukhona futhi izindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa ifayela le-.htaccess ukuze usebenzise amasu athuthukile okuphepha e-WP. Enye yalezi iwukuba vala ukufinyelela kumafayela athile ukuze abasebenzisi abanobuqiniso obufanele kuphela bakwazi ukufinyelela amafayela ayisisekelo isayithi lakho le-WordPress elisebenza kuwo. Ungasebenzisa le khodi, enezelwe kuze kube sekugcineni kwefayela lakho le-.htaccess, ukuze ukhawulele ukufinyelela enanini lamafayela abalulekile:
<FilesMatch "^.*(error_log|wp-config\.php|php.ini|\.[hH][tT][aApP].*)$">
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
</FilesMatch>
  • Shintsha ama-URL – Esinye isici esiwusizo sefayela le-.htaccess, nakuba liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu okufanele lisetshenziswe, ukuthi ifayela lingasetshenziswa ukulawula indlela ama-URL aboniswa ngayo lapho izivakashi zakho zifinyelela isayithi lakho. Ukuze wenze lokho, uzodinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi usebenzisa inguqulo yakamuva ye-Apache. Lokhu kwenza i-URL yekhasi elilodwa ibonakale yehlukile kubavakashi. Lesi sibonelo sokugcina - mhlawumbe - siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kubasebenzisi abaningi abasanda kujwayela ifayela le-.htaccess. Nokho, ngiyifakile ukuze ngikubonise ububanzi balokho okungazuzwa ngefayela. Faka lokhu kufayela lakho le-.htaccess:
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^oranges.html$ apples.html

Ukuqhubekela phambili Nge-.htaccess

Ukusebenza ngefayela le-.htaccess kuyindlela enhle yokufunda mayelana nokuthi isayithi lakho le-WordPress lisebenza kanjani ezingeni eliyisisekelo, futhi likunikeze amazwibela obubanzi obukhulu bokwenza ngokwezifiso ukuthi ngisho nesayithi le-WP elijwayelekile elikunikezayo. Uma usufunde kahle ngefayela elithi .htaccess ngokwenza izinguquko eziyisisekelo esizichaze ngenhla, ingcebo yezinketho ikuvulela ithuba. Okukodwa, njengoba sike samboza ngaphambili, yikhono lokwenza setha kabusha ibhulogi yakho ye-WordPress

Okunye ukuthi izindlela eziningi zokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwakho kwe-WordPress zibandakanya noma ukushintsha ifayela le-.htaccess ngokuqondile, noma ukusebenzisa uhlelo olufanayo lwe-FTP ukwenza izinguquko kwamanye amafayela ezimpande. Ngamanye amazwi, uma usuqale ukubheka amantongomane namabhawodi esayithi lakho, uzothola amathuba angapheli okwenza ngokwezifiso kanye nokwenza ngcono.

UGary Stevens

UGary Stevens ungunjiniyela wangaphambili. Uyi-blockchain geek yesikhathi esigcwele futhi uyivolontiya esebenzela isisekelo se-Ethereum kanye nomnikeli osebenzayo we-Github.

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