Ubuhle Nebubi Bezinhlelo Zokusebenza Zeselula, Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Zewebhu Ezithuthukisiwe, kanye Nezinhlelo Zokusebenza Zewebhu Eziqhubekayo (PWA)
Lapho unquma ukuthi uzothuthukisa yini uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula, uhlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu olulungiselelwe umakhalekhukhwini, noma i-Progressive Web App (PWA), amabhizinisi kufanele acabangele izici ezihlukahlukene ezingaphezu kokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi. Ngokungeziwe ezindlekweni zokuthuthukisa, ukuhlola, nezibuyekezo zedivayisi, kubalulekile ukucabangela izimo ezihlukene ze-Apple ne-Google mayelana nama-PWA. Lapha, sihlola lokhu okucatshangelwayo, okuhlanganisa okuhle nokubi kwenkundla ngayinye, nezindlela ezihlukile zalezi ziqhwaga zobuchwepheshe.
Izinhlelo Zomdabu Zeselula
Uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula, olufushane ngohlelo lokusebenza lweselula, luwuhlelo lwesofthiwe olwakhelwe ukusebenza kumadivayisi eselula njengama-smartphone namathebulethi. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zivame ukulandwa futhi zifakwe ezitolo zezinhlelo zokusebenza njenge-Apple App Store (yamadivayisi we-iOS) ne-Google Play Isitolo (yamadivayisi e-Android). Izinhlelo zokusebenza zamaselula zingathuthukiswa ngokomdabu ukuze kusetshenziswe isistimu ethile yokusebenza (isb, i-iOS noma i-Android) noma ngokusebenzisa izinhlaka ezihlukene, ezizivumela ukuthi zisebenze ezisekelweni eziningi.
Isici | buhle | bawo |
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Development | Inikeza ulwazi lomsebenzisi owenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo kakhulu nokufinyelela ezicini eziqondene nedivayisi. Zenzelwe izinkundla ezithile (i-iOS, i-Android). | Izindleko ezijwayelekile zokuthuthuka eziphakeme ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa kwenkundla ethile. Izibuyekezo ezivamile nezinkokhelo zokuthumela ezitolo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zingangeza ezindlekweni. |
Ukuhlola kanye Izibuyekezo | Idinga ukuhlolwa okuqondene nenkundla, ukuqinisekisa ukuzizwisa okushelelayo kumadivayisi e-iOS nawe-Android. Ivumela ukulawula izibuyekezo nokulungiswa kweziphazamisi. | Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo nokubuyekezwa kubalulekile, okungadla isikhathi futhi kubize. Ukuphatha izinguqulo eziningi zohlelo lokusebenza ezinkundleni ezahlukene kungaba nzima. |
uMhloli | Inikeza okwenziwa ngokwezifiso kakhulu komsebenzisi. | |
Ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi | Inikeza ukusebenza okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, ithuthukisa ukuzibandakanya komsebenzisi. | |
Ubumfihlo kanye Nezimvume | Idinga izimvume zomsebenzisi zezici eziqondene nedivayisi. |
I-Mobile-Optimized Web App
Uhlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu, olufushane ngohlelo lwewebhu, uhlelo lokusebenza noma uhlelo lwesofthiwe olusebenza ngaphakathi kwesiphequluli sewebhu. Ngokungafani nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu azidingi ukulandwa futhi zifakwe kudivayisi. Abasebenzisi bangafinyelela izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ngokuvakashela i-URL ethile noma iwebhusayithi. Zizimele ngenkundla futhi zingasetshenziswa kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene anesiphequluli sewebhu esihambelanayo, okuwenza afinyeleleke kuzo zonke izinkundla ezihlukene ngaphandle kokudinga ukuthuthukiswa okuqondene nedivayisi ethile.
Isici | buhle | bawo |
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Development | Izindleko zokuthuthukiswa ngokuvamile ziphansi njengoba izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ziyinkundla ehlukene. Azikho izinkokhelo zokuthunyelwa kwesitolo sohlelo lokusebenza noma izibuyekezo eziyisibopho. | Ingase inganikezeli ngezinga elifanayo lokwenza ngokwezifiso kanye nokusebenza njengezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu. |
Ukuhlola kanye Izibuyekezo | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Cross-browser kuhlanganisa izethameli eziningi. Asikho isidingo sokuphatha izibuyekezo, njengoba abasebenzisi behlala befinyelela inguqulo yakamuva. | Ukuhlola okuhlukile kuzo zonke iziphequluli namadivayisi kungaba inselele. Ukulawula okunomkhawulo endaweni yokuphequlula yomsebenzisi. |
uMhloli | Inikeza ukufinyeleleka okubanzi kodwa ingase ingafani nokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu. | |
Ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi | Idinga uxhumano lwe-inthanethi ukuze isetshenziswe ngokugcwele. | |
Ubumfihlo kanye Nezimvume | Ngokuvamile, ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe ezicini zedivayisi kunciphisa ukukhathazeka kobumfihlo. |
I-Progressive Web App (PWA)
I-PWA wuhlobo lohlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu oluhlanganisa izici nemisebenzi ngokuvamile ehlotshaniswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula. Ama-PWA asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bewebhu besimanje ukuze anikeze ulwazi olufana nohlelo lokusebenza ngaphakathi kwesiphequluli sewebhu. Zingafinyelelwa ngesiphequluli sewebhu, njengezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ezivamile, kodwa zinikeza izinzuzo ezifana nokusebenza okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, izaziso zohlelo lokusebenza, kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi esiphendulayo. Ama-PWA aklanyelwe ukusebenza kahle emishinini nasezinkundleni ezihlukahlukene, okuwenza abe yinketho eguquguqukayo yokuletha umuzwa wewebhu ohehayo. Futhi banenketho yokwengezwa kusikrini sasekhaya somsebenzisi, okuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela okulula, futhi bangasebenza ezindaweni ezinoxhumo lwe-inthanethi olulinganiselwe noma olungenakho. Ama-PWAs ahlose ukuvala igebe phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ezivamile nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zomdabu.
Usekelo Lohlelo Lokusebenza Lwewebhu Oluqhubekayo
I-Apple ne-Google banokuma okuhlukile kuma-PWAs:
U-Google ube ngumsekeli oqinile wama-PWA kusukela asungulwa. I-Google ikholelwa ukuthi ama-PWA anikezela ngezinzuzo ezimbalwa ngaphezu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zendabuko, okuhlanganisa:
- Umuzwa ongcono womsebenzisi: Ama-PWA ayashesha, athembekile, futhi angasetshenziswa ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Ziphinde zihlangane kahle nesistimu yokusebenza yedivayisi, zinikeze ulwazi lomsebenzisi olungenazihibe.
- Ukuthuthukiswa nokunakekelwa okulula: Ama-PWA athuthukiswa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bewebhu, ngakho abathuthukisi bangasebenzisa amakhono abo akhona namathuluzi ukuze bawakha futhi bawalondoloze. Lokhu kungonga isikhathi nemali.
- Ukufinyelela okubanzi: Ama-PWA angafinyelelwa kunoma iyiphi idivayisi ngesiphequluli sewebhu ngaphandle kokuwalanda noma ukuwafaka esitolo sezinhlelo zokusebenza, okuwenza afinyeleleke kakhudlwana kubasebenzisi emhlabeni wonke.
I-Google ivumela ama-PWAs ukuthi ashicilelwe ku-Google Play Isitolo futhi usebenzise izici ezimbalwa ku-Chrome ukuze awenze abe namandla nakakhulu futhi asebenziseke kalula.
Apple
U-Apple ubeqaphe kakhulu ngama-PWAs. I-Apple ayizange iwagunyaze ngokusemthethweni ama-PWAs, kodwa isebenzise obunye bobuchwepheshe abathembele kubo, njengabasebenzi benkonzo kanye nezaziso zohlelo lokusebenza.
I-Apple futhi yenze ezinye izinqumo ezenza kube nzima kakhulu kuma-PWAs ukuncintisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu kumadivayisi we-iOS.
I-Apple ayiwavumeli ama-PWAs ukuthi ashicilelwe ku-App Store futhi usebenzise imikhawulo yokuthi angafakwa futhi asetshenziswe kanjani kumadivayisi we-iOS.
Ngaphandle kwale mikhawulo, ama-PWA aseyinketho esebenzayo yonjiniyela abafuna ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ezingasetshenziswa kumadivayisi we-iOS. Ama-PWA angalandwa ngokuqondile kuwebhu, futhi angafakwa futhi asetshenziswe njengezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu. Nokho, ama-PWA kumadivayisi we-iOS angase angabi nazo zonke izici nokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu.
Isici | buhle | bawo |
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Development | Inikeza ibhalansi phakathi kokuphumelela kwezindleko nokusebenza. Ukuthuthukiswa kusekelwe kuwebhu, kunciphisa izindleko. | Kukhawulelwe emandleni wamazinga ewebhu neziphequluli, okungenzeka zingafani nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu. |
Ukuhlola kanye Izibuyekezo | Kuncishiswe ubunzima bokuhlola uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu. Izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo ziqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bahlala benenguqulo yakamuva. | Ilinganiselwe kumazinga esiphequluli, angahluka phakathi kweziphequluli ezihlukene. Ingase intule ukulawula okuncane kuzibuyekezo ezihlinzekwa yizinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu. |
uMhloli | Ibhalansi ukufinyeleleka nokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo, ikunikeza ukuzizwisa okuphendulayo. | |
Ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi | Inikeza amakhono angaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, ukuvala igebe phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula nezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu. | |
Ubumfihlo kanye Nezimvume | Izuza njengefa izindinganiso zokuphepha zewebhu, ibhalansisa ubumfihlo bomsebenzisi nokusebenza. |
Ukulinganisa Izinketho Zokuthuthukiswa kanye Nezimo Zenkundla
Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-app yeselula, i-app yewebhu elungiselelwe umakhalekhukhwini, noma i-Progressive Web App (PWA) ihlanganisa ukuhlola ngokucophelela imigomo yebhizinisi lakho, izethameli eziqondiwe, nezisetshenziswa. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu zihlinzeka ngomuzwa owenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo kakhulu kodwa ziza nezindleko eziphakeme zokuthuthuka nezokulungisa. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ziyabiza futhi ziyafinyeleleka kodwa zingase zintule izici ezithuthukile.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu eziqhubekayo zinikeza isisombululo esinokulinganisela, esinikeza ukuzizwisa okuphendulayo kuyilapho kuncishiswa izindleko nobunzima bokuhlola. Ukwesekwa okunomdlandla kwe-Google kwama-PWAs kubonakala ekukhuthazeni kwayo okusebenzayo kanye nokwenza lula intuthuko. I-Apple, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isondela kuma-PWA ngokuqapha, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo kodwa igcina imikhawulo.
Ukuma kwalezi ziqhwaga zobuchwepheshe kunomthelela kakhulu ohlelweni lokuthatha izinqumo konjiniyela namabhizinisi. Lapho ukhetha indlela yakho yokuthuthukisa, kubalulekile ukucabangela lo mehluko futhi uvumelanise isu lakho nesabelomali sakho, amakhono okuthuthukisa, kanye nezidingo ezithile zabasebenzisi bakho. Ukuqonda okuphelele kobuhle nobubi bendlela ngayinye, okuhambisana nokuma kwenkundla, kungakusiza wenze isinqumo unolwazi.
I-Progressive Web App Frameworks
Uma kuziwa ekuthuthukiseni i-Progressive Web Applications (PWAs), ukusebenzisa uhlaka olulungile kungalula kakhulu inqubo yokuthuthukisa. Lezi zinhlaka zihlinzeka ngesisekelo sokwakha ama-PWA athembekile nasebenzayo. Nazi ezinye zezinhlaka eziphezulu ze-PWA:
- I-Angular: I-Angular wuhlaka oluqinile lokwakha ama-PWA athembekile. Yethulwe yi-Google ngo-2010, i-Angular ithole ukuduma ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo se-modular. Inikeza isethi ephelele yamathuluzi okudala izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ezinamandla futhi inikeza ukusekelwa okuhle kakhulu kwama-PWA.
- I-ReactJS: I-ReactJS, eyasungulwa yi-Facebook, inomphakathi omkhulu wonjiniyela. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kanye nesakhiwo esisekelwe engxenyeni kuyenza ibe yinketho ephezulu phakathi konjiniyela. Udumo lwe-React lusukela ekhonweni layo lokudala izixhumanisi zabasebenzisi ezisebenzisanayo nama-PWA angenamthungo.
- I-Ionic: I-Ionic kuwuhlaka oluhlanganisa i-Angular ne-Apache Cordova, okwenza kube ukukhetha okudumile ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyingxube. Ukuvumelana nezimo kanye nelabhulali enkulu yezingxenye ze-UI eziklanywe kusengaphambili kuqondisa ukudalwa kwama-PWA nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula.
- buka: Buka iyisihlobo esisha esiqhathaniswa ne-React ne-Angular, kodwa ithole ukudonsa ngokushesha. Ngokufanayo ne-React, i-Vue isebenzisa i-Virtual I-DOM ukuze kunikezwe ngempumelelo. Ubulula bayo kanye nokulula kokuhlanganiswa namaphrojekthi akhona kuyenza ibe inketho ekhangayo ekuthuthukisweni kwe-PWA.
- I-PWA Builder: I-PWA Builder iyithuluzi elenza lula inqubo yokuguqula iwebhusayithi yakho ibe i-Progressive Web App. Ithuthukiswe yi-Microsoft, inikeza indlela elula nesheshayo yokwakha ama-PWA. Kubaluleke kakhulu kumabhizinisi afuna ukulungisa ubukhona bawo bewebhu bube yifomethi evumelana neselula.
- Ipholimeri: polymer iwuhlaka lomthombo ovulekile oludalwe i-Google. Idizayinelwe ngokukhethekile ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinhlelo Zokusebenza Zewebhu Eziqhubekayo kufinyeleleke kakhudlwana. Ngokugxila kwayo ezingxenyeni zewebhu ezisebenziseka kabusha, i-Polymer yenza lula ukuthuthukiswa kwe-PWA futhi ikhuthaze imikhuba engcono kakhulu.
- I-Svelte: Mncane iyisengezo esisha uma kuqhathaniswa nokwakheka kwezwe lohlaka lwe-PWA, oluqala ekuqaleni kuka-2019. Inzuzo yakhona eyinhloko ubulula nokulula kokufunda. Onjiniyela abaqeqeshelwe ukusebenza phambili basheshe babambe izisekelo ze-Svelte, okuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kulabo abafuna indlela eqondile yokuthuthukiswa kwe-PWA.
Lezi zinhlaka zinikeza izici namakhono ahlukahlukene, ezibhekelela okuthandwayo okuhlukahlukene kwentuthuko kanye nezidingo zephrojekthi. Ukukhetha uhlaka olufaneleka kakhulu kuncike ezintweni ezifana nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwephrojekthi, ubuchwepheshe beqembu, nezinjongo ezithile zentuthuko. Noma ngabe ubeka phambili ukulula, ukuguquguquka, noma amathuluzi aphelele, kungenzeka ukuthi kunohlaka lwe-PWA oluqondana nezidingo zephrojekthi yakho.