Uhlelo lokusebenza: Ungayakha kanjani irekhodi lakho le-SPF
Imininingwane kanye nencazelo yokuthi i- I-SPF irekhodi imisebenzi inemininingwane ngezansi umakhi Werekhodi le-SPF.
SPF Record Builder
Nali ifomu ongalisebenzisa ukuze wakhe irekhodi lakho le-TXT ukuze ulingeze esizindeni sakho noma isizinda esincane othumela ngaso ama-imeyili.
Kwaba mnandi kakhulu lapho sithumela i-imeyili yenkampani yethu -Google kusukela kusevisi ye-IT ephethwe esiyisebenzisile. Ngaphambi kokuba ku-Google, sasivame ukufaka izicelo zanoma yiziphi izinguquko, uhlu olungeziwe, njll. Manje sesingakwazi ukukusingatha ngesixhumi esibonakalayo esilula se-Google.
Esinye isithiyo esisibonile lapho siqala ukuthumela ukuthi amanye ama-imeyili asuka kusistimu yethu ayengangeni ebhokisini lokungenayo... ngisho nebhokisi lethu lokungenayo. Ngifunde izeluleko ze-Google Abathumeli be-imeyili abaningi futhi ngokushesha wangena emsebenzini. Sine-imeyili ephuma ezinhlelweni ezi-2 esizisingatha, olunye uhlelo lokusebenza oluphathwa ngomunye umuntu ngaphezu Komhlinzeki Wesevisi Ye-imeyili. Inkinga yethu ibiwukuthi besingenayo irekhodi le-SPF lokwazisa ama-ISPs ukuthi ama-imeyili athunyelwe ngaphandle kwe-Google ngawethu.
Luyini Uhlaka Lwenqubomgomo Yomthumeli?
Uhlaka Lwenqubomgomo Yomthumeli luyiphrothokholi yokuqinisekisa i-imeyili futhi luyingxenye ye-imeyili cybersecurity esetshenziswa ama-ISPs ukuvimba ama-imeyili obugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi ukuthi angalethwa kubasebenzisi bawo. An SPF irekhodi liyirekhodi lesizinda elifaka kuhlu zonke izizinda zakho, amakheli e-IP, njll. othumela ama-imeyili kusukela. Lokhu kuvumela noma iyiphi i-ISP ukuthi ibheke irekhodi lakho futhi iqinisekise ukuthi i-imeyili iphuma emthonjeni ofanele.
Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kuwuhlobo lokukhwabanisa ku-inthanethi lapho izigebengu zisebenzisa amasu onjiniyela bokuxhumana nabantu ukuze bakhohlise abantu ukuze banikeze ulwazi olubucayi, olufana namagama ayimfihlo, izinombolo zekhadi lesikweletu, noma olunye ulwazi lomuntu siqu. Abahlaseli ngokuvamile basebenzisa i-imeyili ukuze bayenge abantu ngabanye ekunikezeni ulwazi lomuntu siqu ngokuzenza ibhizinisi elisemthethweni... njengelakho noma lami.
I-SPF iwumbono omuhle - futhi anginaso isiqiniseko sokuthi kungani ingeyona indlela evamile yabathumela i-imeyili ngobuningi namasistimu okuvimbela ogaxekile. Ungacabanga ukuthi wonke umbhalisi wesizinda uzokwenza kube iphuzu ukwakha isilekeleli kuso ukuze noma ubani abhale imithombo ye-imeyili azoyithumela.
Isebenza Kanjani Irekhodi le-SPF?
An I-ISP ihlola irekhodi le-SPF ngokwenza umbuzo we-DNS ukuze kutholwe irekhodi le-SPF elihlobene nesizinda sekheli le-imeyili lomthumeli. I-ISP ibe isihlola irekhodi le-SPF, uhlu lwamakheli e-IP agunyaziwe noma amagama abasingathi avunyelwe ukuthumela i-imeyili egameni lesizinda ngokumelene nekheli le-IP leseva ethumele i-imeyili. Uma ikheli le-IP leseva lingafakiwe kurekhodi le-SPF, i-ISP ingase imake i-imeyili njengenamandla okukhwabanisa noma yenqabe ngokuphelele i-imeyili.
Uhlelo lwenqubo lumi kanje:
- I-ISP yenza umbuzo we-DNS ukuze ithole irekhodi le-SPF elihlobene nesizinda sekheli le-imeyili lomthumeli.
- I-ISP ihlola irekhodi le-SPF iqhathanisa nekheli le-IP leseva ye-imeyili. Lokhu kungachazwa ku I-CIDR ifomethi ukufaka phakathi ububanzi bamakheli e-IP.
- I-ISP ihlola ikheli le-IP futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi alikho ku-a I-DNSBL iseva njengogaxekile owaziwayo.
- I-ISP nayo iyahlola I-DMARC futhi I-BIMI amarekhodi.
- I-ISP ibe isivumela ukulethwa kwe-imeyili, iyinqabele, noma iyibeke kufolda ye-junk kuye ngemithetho yayo yangaphakathi yokulethwa.
SPF Record Izibonelo
Irekhodi le-SPF liyirekhodi le-TXT okufanele ulingeze esizindeni othumela ngaso ama-imeyili. Amarekhodi e-SPF awakwazi ukuba ngaphezu kwezinhlamvu ezingu-255 ubude futhi awakwazi ukufaka izitatimende ezingaphezu kweshumi.
- Qala nge
v=spf1
maka futhi uyilandele ngamakheli e-IP agunyazwe ukuthumela i-imeyili yakho. Ngokwesibonelo,v=spf1 ip4:1.2.3.4 ip4:2.3.4.5
. - Uma usebenzisa inkampani yangaphandle ukuthumela i-imeyili egameni lesizinda okukhulunywa ngaso, kufanele wengeze Faka kwirekhodi lakho le-SPF (isb, faka:domain.com) ukuze uqoke lowo muntu wesithathu njengomthumeli osemthethweni
- Uma usuwengeze wonke amakheli e-IP agunyaziwe futhi ufake nezitatimende, qeda irekhodi lakho nge-
~all
or-all
umaka. Umaka othi ~all ukhombisa a I-SPF ethambile yehluleka kuyilapho umaka -konke ukhombisa a i-SPF eqinile yehluleka. Emehlweni abahlinzeki abakhulu bebhokisi lemeyili ~konke futhi -kokubili kuzoholela ekuhlulekeni kwe-SPF.
Uma usubhale irekhodi lakho le-SPF, uzofuna ukwengeza irekhodi kubhalisi wesizinda sakho. Nazi izibonelo:
v=spf1 a mx ip4:192.0.2.0/24 -all
Leli rekhodi le-SPF lithi noma iyiphi iseva enamarekhodi esizinda A noma MX, nanoma yiliphi ikheli le-IP ebangeni elithi 192.0.2.0/24, ligunyaziwe ukuthumela i-imeyili egameni lesizinda. I -konke ekugcineni kukhombisa ukuthi noma yimiphi eminye imithombo kufanele yehluleke ukuhlola kwe-SPF:
v=spf1 a mx include:_spf.google.com -all
Leli rekhodi le-SPF lithi noma iyiphi iseva enamarekhodi esizinda A noma MX, nanoma iyiphi iseva efakwe kurekhodi le-SPF lesizinda esithi "_spf.google.com", igunyaziwe ukuthumela i-imeyili esikhundleni sesizinda. I -konke ekugcineni kubonisa ukuthi noma yimiphi eminye imithombo kufanele yehluleke ukuhlola i-SPF.
v=spf1 ip4:192.168.0.0/24 ip4:192.168.1.100 include:otherdomain.com -all
Leli rekhodi le-SPF licacisa ukuthi wonke ama-imeyili athunyelwa esuka kulesi sizinda kufanele asuke emakhelini e-IP phakathi kwebanga lenethiwekhi elingu-192.168.0.0/24, ikheli le-IP elilodwa 192.168.1.100, nanoma imaphi amakheli e-IP agunyazwe irekhodi le-SPF le-SPF. otherdomain.com isizinda. I -all
ekugcineni kwerekhodi icacisa ukuthi wonke amanye amakheli e-IP kufanele athathwe njengokuhlola kwe-SPF okuhlulekile.
Izindlela Ezinhle Kakhulu Zokusebenzisa i-SPF
Ukusebenzisa i-SPF ngendlela efanele kuthuthukisa ukulethwa kwe-imeyili futhi kuvikela isizinda sakho ekukhohlisweni kwe-imeyili. Indlela yezigaba yokusebenzisa i-SPF ingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ithrafikhi ye-imeyili esemthethweni ayithinteki kungahlosiwe. Nali isu elinconyiwe:
1. Uhlu Lwemithombo Yokuthumela
- Injongo: Khomba wonke amaseva namasevisi athumela i-imeyili egameni lesizinda sakho, okuhlanganisa nezakho iziphakeli zemeyili, abahlinzeki besevisi ye-imeyili benkampani yangaphandle, kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlelo ezithumela i-imeyili (isb., amasistimu e-CRM, izinkundla ezizenzakalelayo zokumaketha).
- Action: Hlanganisa uhlu olubanzi lwamakheli e-IP nezizinda zale mithombo yokuthumela.
2. Dala Irekhodi Lakho Lokuqala le-SPF
- Injongo: Dala irekhodi le-SPF elihlanganisa yonke imithombo esemthethweni yokuthumela ehlonziwe.
- Action: Sebenzisa i-syntax ye-SPF ukuze ucacise le mithombo. Isibonelo irekhodi le-SPF lingabukeka kanje:
v=spf1 ip4:192.168.0.1 include:_spf.google.com ~all
. Leli rekhodi livumela ama-imeyili asuka ekhelini le-IP elithi 192.168.0.1 futhi lihlanganisa nerekhodi le-SPF le-Google,~all
okubonisa ukwehluleka okuthambile kwemithombo engafakwanga ngokucacile ohlwini.
3. Shicilela Irekhodi lakho le-SPF ku-DNS
- Injongo: Yenza inqubomgomo yakho ye-SPF yaziwe ngokuthola amaseva e-imeyili ngokuyingeza kumarekhodi e-DNS esizinda sakho.
- Action: Shicilela irekhodi le-SPF njengerekhodi le-TXT ku-DNS yesizinda sakho. Lokhu kuvumela amaseva wemeyili ukuthi abuyise futhi ahlole irekhodi lakho le-SPF lapho ethola ama-imeyili esizindeni sakho.
4. Gada futhi Hlola
- Injongo: Qinisekisa ukuthi irekhodi lakho le-SPF liqinisekisa imithombo ye-imeyili esemthethweni ngaphandle kokuba nomthelela ekulethweni kwe-imeyili.
- Action: Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuqinisekisa e-SPF ukuze ugade imibiko yokulethwa kwe-imeyili evela kubahlinzeki bakho besevisi. Naka noma yiziphi izinkinga zokulethwa ezingase zibonise ukuthi amasheke e-SPF abamba ama-imeyili asemthethweni.
5. Yenza ngcono irekhodi lakho le-SPF
- Injongo: Lungisa irekhodi lakho le-SPF ukuze uxazulule noma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlonzwe ngesikhathi sokuqapha nokuhlola, futhi ubonise izinguquko ezinkambisweni zakho zokuthumela i-imeyili.
- Action: Engeza noma susa amakheli e-IP noma faka izitatimende njengoba kudingeka. Qaphela umkhawulo wokubheka we-SPF 10, ongadala izinkinga zokuqinisekisa uma weqiwe.
6. Hlaziya futhi Ubuyekeze
- Injongo: Gcina irekhodi lakho le-SPF linembile futhi lisesikhathini samanje ukuze livumelane nezinguquko kwingqalasizinda yakho ye-imeyili kanye nezinqubo zokuthumela.
- Action: Njalo buyekeza imithombo oyithumelayo futhi ubuyekeze irekhodi lakho le-SPF ngokufanele. Lokhu kubandakanya ukungeza abahlinzeki besevisi be-imeyili abasha noma ukususa labo ongasabasebenzisi.
Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, ungasebenzisa i-SPF ukuze uthuthukise ukuvikeleka kwe-imeyili yakho kanye nokulethwa kuyilapho unciphisa ingcuphe yokuphazamisa ukuxhumana kwe-imeyili okusemthethweni.